结合流形结构与柔性嵌入的多标签特征选择

将线性回归模型与流形结构相结合,构成了弱线性多标签特征选择的联合框架。首先,用最小二乘损失函数来学习回归系数矩阵;其次,通过标签流形结构来学习数据特征的权重矩阵;再次,用L2,1-范数来约束回归系数矩阵和特征权重矩阵,这样既能引导稀疏性,又有利于特征选择。此外,设计并证明了具有收敛性的迭代更新算法来解决上述提出的问题。最后,所提出的方法在多个经典多标签数据集上进行了验证,实验结果表明了所提算法的有效性。     

数据驱动的铝基复合材料性能预测和逆向设计

采用数据驱动的方法对 SiCp(0.5CNT)/7075Al 铝基复合材料的化学成分以及制备工艺进行了分析, 针对抗拉强度和延伸率两个力学性能进行了特征重要性分析, 构建了包含 8 种机器学习算法的集成框架, 自动进行模型的参数调优和最优模型选择, 并在此基础上进行了材料逆向设计. 实验结果表明, 在 470 ${^\circ}$C 固溶 40 min, 120${^\circ}$C 时效 15 h 的热处理工艺下, SiCp(0.5CNT)/7075Al-1.0Mg 复合材料抗拉强度和延伸率的预测值为 617.48 MPa 和 2.98%, 实验值为 647.0 MPa 和 3.31%, 两项物理性能的平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage errors, MAPE)较小, 依次为 4.56% 和 9.97%. 这说明本数据驱动方法对铝基复合材料的工艺优化和性能提升有一定指导意义.     

双向认知网络物理层安全策略建模及仿真研究

为提高移动通信系统的性能,构建了一个存在主网络干扰和窃听者的双向认知中继网络的物理层安全传输模型,设计了一种中继选择和功率分配的联合优化策略,用于对抗窃听者,保护收发节点的信息传输。通过仿真分析得出,此非凸优化问题限制条件较多,难以保证粒子群优化算法随机生成的初始解的可行性,从而造成求解困难。提出了一种基于可变网格优化和粒子群优化算法的混合优化算法。仿真结果表明此算法提高了次级网络的保密速率,提升了次级网络的安全性能。     

基于元学习的航空电子设备特征选择算法推荐方法

为了对航空电子设备的测试数据进行有效约简, 去除冗余信息和不相关特征, 基于机器学习领域现有的特征选择算法, 提出了一种元学习框架下的航空电子设备特征选择算法推荐方法。所提方法旨在根据不同航空电子设备测试数据所蕴含的信息, 推荐合适的特征选择算法。首先, 分析了数据集特征的描述方法。然后, 介绍了采用综合度量指数的算法性能评价方法。最后, 给出了特征选择算法推荐方法的框架。使用42个航空电子设备的测试数据和13个过滤型特征选择算法建立了元数据库, 采用留一法进行交叉验证, 推荐命中率达到了90%以上, 推荐性能比例达到97%以上。     

基于特征选取与树状Parzen估计的入侵检测

针对目前网络空间安全形势快速变化带来的新风险和新挑战, 提出一种基于相关性分析的特征选取和树状Parzen估计优化的入侵检测方法。首先, 通过基于相关性分析的数据特征选取方法对数据维度进行压缩。其次, 对原始数据集进行特征筛选, 生成新的特征子集。最终, 使用序列模型优化算法中的树状Parzen估计算法对随机森林算法进行模型优化。实验结果表明, 相比其他应用机器学习算法的入侵检测方法, 所提方法在提升综合性能的同时拥有更高的检测效率, 有效地提升了入侵检测技术的实用性。     

导航信号功率增强对阵列接收机的影响分析

为了分析低轨导航增强系统中信号功率增强对阵列接收机的影响, 提出一种信号传播与阵列接收机的数学模型, 基于该模型分析了功率增强条件下最小均方误差算法与直接矩阵求逆算法对抗干扰性能的影响。根据理论分析与仿真实验, 增强信号对最小均方误差与直接矩阵求逆的影响相似, 当信号增强量在15 dB以下时, 阵列抗干扰对信号的影响较小；随着信号功率进一步增强, 增强信号被识别为干扰并进行了抑制；当信号的信噪比增强到10 dB时, 增强信号被抑制约15 dB。研究结果表明, 在采用传统阵列抗干扰方法的情况下, 信号功率的增强并非越大越好, 信号功率增强15 dB时对传统阵列抗干扰的影响较小。     

Space use by two arboreal rodent species in a Neotropical cloud forest

Studying animal space use patterns can help increase our understating of ecological processes such as competition and community dynamics. To quantify space and habitat use in an isolated and patchy cloud forest community in Mexico, we evaluate the vertical stratification, home range and habitat selection of two arboreal rodents: Habromys schmidlyi and Reithrodontomys microdon. Using live-traps at ground level and different forest strata, we radio-equipped nine individuals of H. schmidlyi and seven of R. microdon, and evaluated fine-scale space use and broad-scale habitat selection between cloud forest and oak forest. We found an average home range of 0.24 ha for R. microdon males and 0.72 ha for females, with a preference for higher canopy in the cloud forest. For H. schmidlyi the home range was 0.83 ha for males and 0.29 ha for females, with a preference for the understory level in the cloud forest. Home range is three-dimensional for these rodents, so we estimate that on average, individuals of both species used eight trees in the time they were tracked. We characterised the vegetation at the trap sites, and used recursive partitioning to relate the presence of different plants with the probability of finding these two species and Peromyscus aztecus, a third rodent species also present in the area and considered in our analysis of habitat use. The highest probability of finding R. microdon (96%) was related to the presence of Brachythecium occidentale and Renauldia mexicana, while H. schmidlyi (95%) was found in close proximity to Fabronia ciliaris and Everniastrum. We highlight the importance of arboreal trapping in biodiversity assessments, and the role of arboreal rodents in maintaining tropical forest ecosystems. We suggest that these rodent species could avoid or reduce competition by using the vertical strata differentially, and that H. schmidlyi and R. microdon can be biological indicators for cloud forest management and conservation.     

基于变量选择-神经网络模型的复杂路网短时交通流预测

摘要： 针对传统交通流预测模型正在由单断面历史数据处理向多断面、多时刻历史数据处理转变,但在考虑各断面间的影响时,多变的交通状况往往会使预测模型复杂化的问题,引入一种多元线性回归最小绝对收缩和选择算子方法(Lasso),并利用其优秀的变量选择能力,在复杂路网多断面中选出相关性较高的断面；结合神经网络(NN)的非线性特性,提出了Lasso NN组合模型.结果表明：Lasso NN模型在路网交叉口对未来15 min交通流数据预测的误差率低于9.2%；在非交叉口的误差率低于6.7%,总体优于各自单独使用得出的结果.     

选材引起测量金属丝杨氏模量的误差分析

杨氏模量的测量是大学物理中重要的力学实验之一。我们对不同直径、不同长度的钢丝进行了杨氏模量测定,分析了选材对实验结果的影响。研究结果表明,在仪器允许的测量范围内,直径越小、长度越长的材料,其杨氏模量的相对合成标准不确定度越小。     

Dynamic Model Averaging and CPI Inflation Forecasts: A Comparison between the Euro Area and the United States

The paper forecasts consumer price inflation in the euro area (EA) and in the USA between 1980:Q1 and 2012:Q4 based on a large set of predictors, with dynamic model averaging (DMA) and dynamic model selection (DMS). DMA/DMS allows not solely for coefficients to change over time, but also for changes in the entire forecasting model over time. DMA/DMS provides on average the best inflation forecasts with regard to alternative approaches (such as the random walk). DMS outperforms DMA. These results are robust for different sample periods and for various forecast horizons. The paper highlights common features between the USA and the EA. First, two groups of predictors forecast inflation: temporary fundamentals that have a frequent impact on inflation but only for short time periods; and persistent fundamentals whose switches are less frequent over time. Second, the importance of some variables (particularly international food commodity prices, house prices and oil prices) as predictors for consumer price index inflation increases when such variables experience large shocks. The paper also shows that significant differences prevail in the forecasting models between the USA and the EA. Such differences can be explained by the structure of these respective economies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.